{"id":16216,"date":"2021-04-01T11:20:52","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T14:20:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fjsp.org.br\/fjsp\/?page_id=16216"},"modified":"2021-04-01T13:10:51","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T16:10:51","slug":"musica-no-castelo-jumei-tokumaru-ing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fjsp.org.br\/fjsp\/musica-no-castelo-jumei-tokumaru-ing\/","title":{"rendered":"Jumei Tokumaru (Shakuhachi)\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
Portugu\u00eas<\/a> | \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e<\/a> | Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/h5>\n

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The first concert of the <\/span>Music in the Castle<\/span> (<\/span>M\u00fasica no Castel<\/span><\/i>o<\/span><\/i>) <\/span>project, held by <\/span>Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Jap\u00e3o<\/span><\/i> (<\/span>The <\/span>Japan Foundation<\/span>)<\/span>, will be dedicated to the \u201c<\/span>shakuhachi<\/span><\/i>\u201d, a traditional Japanese bamboo flute, <\/span>performed by<\/span> the Japanese master Jumei Tokumaru.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This rustic instrument, with five holes, was introduced in Japan<\/span> along<\/span> with<\/span> the imperial<\/span> court music, which we call \u201c<\/span>Gagaku<\/span><\/i>\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Gagaku is a t<\/span>ype of classical Japanese music, as well as <\/span>a term used for the court o<\/span>rchestra formed by wind, string,<\/span> and percussion<\/span> instruments<\/span>, which was performed at the Imperial Court in Kyoto for several centuries.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Gagaku music consists of native Shinto songs, religious and folk dances called <\/span>kuniburi no utamai<\/span><\/i>, a <\/span>koguryo<\/span><\/i> or <\/span>goguryo<\/span><\/i> form, which was an ancient Korean kingdom, located in the central-northern regions of the Korean peninsula <\/span>in the south of <\/span>Manchuria.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But the <\/span>Gagaku<\/span><\/i> that entered Japan arrived through<\/span> China, at the same time that new <\/span>rice cultivation <\/span>techniques <\/span>and Buddhism <\/span>composed<\/span> this Chinese cultural package, which would change Japanese society.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Shakuhachi\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The <\/span>shakuhachi<\/span><\/i> was one of the wind instruments in this musical <\/span>set<\/span>. The most common size is 1.8 <\/span>shaku<\/span><\/i> (1 <\/span>shaku<\/span><\/i> = 30 centimeters). The type of bamboo used is <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Madake<\/span><\/i>\u201d, a very rigid bamboo quality, with thick walls, <\/span>rendering<\/span> the instrument <\/span>sound quality and depth<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Its<\/span> natural scale is a D<\/span> pentatonic, that is, we have D\/F\/G\/A\/<\/span>C, but it is pos<\/span>sible to play other scales by changing <\/span>the angle of the<\/span> emboucher<\/span> and different finger positions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are also other types of <\/span>s<\/span><\/i>hakuhachi<\/span><\/i>s<\/span><\/i>, with different lengths, <\/span>that produce<\/span> the same pentatonic scale in<\/span> different<\/span> note<\/span> pitches.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In addition to the <\/span>court <\/span>songs, which were not <\/span>performed<\/span> in public, there are compositions for <\/span>the <\/span>shakuhachi<\/span><\/i> dating from the Nara era, <\/span>in the <\/span>7<\/span>th<\/span> century. <\/span>The <\/span>s<\/span><\/i>hakuhachi<\/span><\/i> was played as part of Zen Buddhism ceremonies and practices, more specifically in the Japanese <\/span>Fuke sect<\/span>. It was the favorite instrument of the pilgrim <\/span>monks,<\/span> known <\/span>as<\/span> \u201c<\/span>komuso<\/span><\/i>\u201d, who wore a large basket-shaped hat. On<\/span>e of the translations for these players<\/span> would be: \u201cpriests of <\/span>nothingness<\/span>\u201d, that is, <\/span>no showing of their face a<\/span> total<\/span> lack<\/span> of ego.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At the beginning of the Edo period, in the 17<\/span>th<\/span> century, the Kinko school emerged, which, without losing <\/span>its <\/span>religious aspects, started to use the instrument purely for music.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Samurai Monk Kinko Kurosawa is the founder of this school. He <\/span>traveled across<\/span> Japan visiting and collecting songs in different Zen Buddhist t<\/span>emples and, from these records, the first notes then<\/span> became music<\/span>al scores<\/span>, creating <\/span>the <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Honkyoku<\/span><\/i>\u201d, the original <\/span>music<\/span> for<\/span> the<\/span> shakuhachi<\/span><\/i>. Altogether, there are 36 songs or solo songs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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About a hundred years ago, a new school, \u201c<\/span>Tozan Ryu<\/span><\/i>\u201d,<\/span> came along<\/span>. There are differences in the techn<\/span>ique of playing the instruments, as well as <\/span>in the structure, such as placing the fifth hole in a lower position.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>his more modern style was responsible for <\/span>broadening <\/span>the <\/span>shakuhachi<\/span><\/i> repertoire beyond traditional songs. It is worth remembering the great master of the <\/span>tozan<\/span><\/i> style, Yamamoto Hoza<\/span>n, who released an album<\/span> in the 70s <\/span>playing jazz <\/span>with<\/span> the<\/span> shakuhachi<\/span><\/i>. The <\/span>album, an <\/span>LP, released in the United States and Japan, in addition t<\/span>o the novelty of this <\/span>\u201c<\/span>fusion<\/span>\u201d<\/span>, was responsible for <\/span>promoting<\/span> of <\/span>shakuhachi<\/span><\/i> outside Japan.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Jumei Tokumaru\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n

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Master Jumei Tokumaru learned to play <\/span>the <\/span>Kinko-ryu shakuhachi<\/span><\/i> with his father <\/span>as<\/span> a child. He graduated from Tokyo University of Fine Arts, with a <\/span>Master’s <\/span>degree in <\/span>shakuhachi<\/span><\/i>. As a student, he studied with Goro Yamaguchi, a <\/span>Living National Treasure<\/span>. He <\/span>has<\/span> already<\/span> performed in Europe, <\/span>the USA<\/span>, Russia, India, Africa<\/span>,<\/span> and many other countries around the world. He also teaches younger students at<\/span> the<\/span> Tokyo University of Arts, in the Department of Traditional Japanese <\/span>Shakuhachi<\/span><\/i> Music. <\/span>In 2007, h<\/span>e received the 58<\/span>th<\/span> Art Incentive Award from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology<\/span> and in 2008, h<\/span>e was <\/span>granted<\/span> the <\/span>Culture Incentive Award\u00a0<\/span> of the City of <\/span>Edogawa in 2008, <\/span>and the <\/span>\u201cKinko-Ryu Shakuhachi Tokumaru Jumei\u201d <\/span>CD <\/span>(Traditional Culture Victor Foundation) and <\/span>\u201c<\/span>Yugen naru Hibiki: Shakuhachi<\/span> by Yamaguchi Goro and his life<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (Geijutsu Shuppan-S<\/span>ha). <\/span>Master Jumei Tokumaru<\/span> is the leader of the Kinko style of <\/span>shakuhachi-Gado-ka<\/span><\/i>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/span>okumaru was one of the <\/span>foremost<\/span> students of maste<\/span>r Goro Yamaguchi and an expert i<\/span>n \u201c<\/span>Honkyoku<\/span><\/i>\u201d, the original <\/span>music<\/span> for <\/span>shakuhachi<\/span><\/i>. He is a member of the Chikumeisha Association of Japan. In this concert, he will <\/span>perform<\/span> two pieces from the Honkyoku repertoire: \u201cHifumi Hachigaeshi no Shirabe\u201d, the first Honkyoku piece we learned, and \u201cSokaku Reibo\u201d, a<\/span> difficult<\/span> piece<\/span> to interpret, which was recorded by the master Goro Yamaguchi<\/span>; it<\/span> is traveling in outer space, on the Voyager II spacecraft, launched on August 20, 1977.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Watch Jumei Tokumaru<\/span>‘s <\/span>performance<\/span> in the <\/span>Music in the Castle<\/span> project.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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